Individuals with psd are at a higher risk for suboptimal recovery, recurrent vascular events, poor quality of life, and mortality. Although depression may affect functional recovery and quality of life after stroke, such. Prevalence and associations of poststroke depression ahmad hatim sulaiman, nor zuraida zainal, kay sin tan, chong tin tan department of psychological medicine, and medicine, university malaya medical centre abstract objective. People with psd often have poorer outcomes, poor quality of life and may be predisposed to subsequent vascular events, and death. Post stroke depression has a significant impact on the outcome and prognosis of affected patients. In clinical practice, the utility of an instrument is as importantas its validity and reliability. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment will improve quality of life, selfcare independence, and mortality.
Reported rates of depression after stroke have ranged from 14 to 60% depending on factors such as populations sampled, time of assessment after stroke, and diagnostic instruments used. Attention to early detection of depression in stroke patients might reduce inpatient healthcare costs. Eleven male patients had no erection problems before their stroke but difficulties afterwards, and 4 who reported post stroke erectile difficulties had pre stroke problems. The neurobiological pathogenesis of poststroke depression hindawi. Depression and its relation to lesion location after stroke. Background major depression is common in stroke patients and associated with increased rates of disability and mortality. In fact, nearly 800,000 people have a stroke each year. Research article open access predictors of early post. Pdf comorbidity of depression and stroke significantly reduces the. Post stroke depression is a serious problem that complicates recovery for onethird of stroke survivors.
The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic metaanalysis to evaluate the relationship between psd and lesion location. Post stroke depression psd is an important complication of stroke, leading to increased disability and mortality. According to epidemiological studies, nearly 30% of stroke patients develop depression, either in the early or in the late stages after stroke. Post stroke depression frequently overlooked, undiagnosed. About 2550% stroke patient will suffer depression after stroke attack. Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the united states.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Depression trumps recovery american stroke association. The search was restricted to articles published in english and portuguese, in the last ten years. The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. Post stroke depression is highly prevalent among both men and women post stroke, however, it appears that post stoke depression is more common in women when prevalence is compared between the sexes. In addition, it may increase mortality by up to ten times. Identifying depression may improve mental and physical health. They last for weeks or even months and if they do go away they may come back, over and over again.
Poststroke depression psd defined depression which occurs after stroke and can not be ascribed to any other mental illness also termed vascular depression depression associated with cerebrovascular disease. This is the first scientific statement from the american heart associationamerican stroke association to address this poststroke complication. Post stroke depression psd is the most common mood disorder following a stroke, and also the main factor limiting recovery and rehabilitation in stroke patients. After congruent stimuli, with congruent feelings associated with post stroke depression catastrophic reactions disruptive emotional behaviour when confronted with unsolvable task associated with left hemisphere stroke and aphasia at risk for developing post stroke depression 1. Life after stroke depression and other emotional changes. Metaanalyses addressing almost all major clinical issues in the. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision dsmivtr. Depression and anxiety after stroke fact sheet stroke.
Poststroke depression psd is an important consequence after stroke, with. Poststroke depression psd is common, affecting approximately one third of stroke survivors at any one time after stroke. Post stroke depression a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the american heart associationamerican stroke association the american academy of neurology affirms the value of this statement as an educational tool for neurologists science is why. Methods seven databases were searched up to november 2012. Epidemiology and treatment of poststroke depression. Interventions for management of poststroke depression. Post stroke depression psd is among the most frequent neuropsychiatric consequences of cerebral ischemia. A metaanalysis and metaregression of depression, anxiety and adjustment disorder. Approximately onethird of stroke survivors experience major depression. Theories a primary biological mechanism with stroke affects neural circuits involved in mood regulation which in turn causes post stroke depression. The so called poststroke depression psd is a frequently observed mood disorder. Poststroke depression increases disability more than.
Right hemisphere hemorrhagic is considered a significant location in the prevalence of post stroke depression. Metaanalyses of pointprevalence rates suggest one third of stroke survivors develop post stroke depression and one quarter develop post stroke anxiety. View the life after stroke guide for patients and caregivers. It affects about of stroke survivors at any one time. Depression in stroke patients is associated with increased hospitalization costs. Poststroke depression psd is considered the most frequent and important neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke. Depression may be an emotional disorder often related to cerebrovascular disease. Review open access poststroke depression and the aging. Poststroke depression psd has been recognized by psychiatrists for more than 100 years, but controlled systematic studies did not begin until the 1970s.
This study aims to investigate the prevalence of post stroke depression in malaysia, and to determine the. Prevalence and associations of poststroke depression. Vascular depression is thought to result from disruption of prefrontal systems and lesions. Poststroke depression psd has been recognized by psychiatrists for more than 100 years, but controlled systematic studies did not begin until. Depression its normal to feel down or hopeless after a stroke. Given that there is no consensus on which treatment is optimal for psd, we aimed. Vs post stroke depression is caused by social and psychological stressors that emerge as a result of stroke. This article is a discussion of the theories of psychological adjustment that a patient might experience as a result of an acquired disability associated with a stroke. Apathy and depression are important neuropsychiatric disorders that can occur after a stroke but the.
Executive summary, report by journal of neuroscience nursing. Health care industry depression mood disorder risk factors depression, mental health screening methods medical research medical screening stroke complications and side effects stroke disease. Its diagnosis is complex and currently based only on clinical parameters. Screening for poststroke depression inadequate and. More than half of stroke survivors will be affected by depression at some point. Nurses can help by recognizing the condition as a psychiatric illness and responding with an understanding of treatment approaches. A new statement by the american heart associationamerican stroke association says that poststroke depression psd is common and affects about a third of all stroke survivors. Higher stroke cost among blacks may reflect the impact of comorbidities and the delay in care of serious health conditions. Those caring for stroke victims should be aware of new developments in our understanding of depression following stroke, its diagnosis, prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment. Post stroke depression psd can occur on a continuum, from mild symptoms, often referred to as adjustmentrelated depression, to clinical depression, also known as major depressive disorder. It can help you continue your daily activities despite the effects of your stroke.
Many studies said that poststroke depression will raise the percentage of mortality in. Many studies said that post stroke depression will raise the percentage of mortality in. Screening for poststroke depression using the patient. Keywords poststroke depression, strokerelated impairments, prevalence. Moreover, this condition can have an adverse effect on cognitive function, functional recovery and survival.
Prevalence and predictors of post stroke mood disorders. Many believe post stroke depression to be a form of vascular depression, a phenomenon resulting from small vessel ischemia at. Metaanalyses addressing almost all major clinical issues in the field have emerged because of the relatively small number of patients included in some stroke studies. Almost a third of those whove had a stroke develop depression. Ahaasa scientific statement poststroke depression a. Continuing education early intervention in patients with. Diversiform etiologies for poststroke depression ncbi.
Poststroke depression is common, says american heart. Stroke survivors living in a rehabilitation setting and those who are aphasic are especially vulnerable. Rehabilitation can build your strength, capability and confidence. Women were twice more likely to experience post stroke depression than men. Mood depression is a common and serious complication after stroke. Because of this, they can begin to affect your sleep, appetite and interest in life. Structured screening can help nurses identify symptoms of depression in stroke patients. Poststroke depression and the aging brain journal of. Treat depression after a stroke to optimize recovery.
Review open access post stroke depression and the aging brain gabriel r cojocaru1, aurel popawagner3, elena c stanciulescu2, loredana babadan1 and anamaria buga1 abstract ageing is associated with changes in the function of various organ systems. Mood disorders are common in stroke survivor cohorts and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several studies have evaluated association between the lesion location and the risk of depression. Different conclusions and contradictory findings have been published. But depression is when feelings of hopelessness and sadness dont go away.
It hinders rehabilitation and is associated with worse. Poststroke depression psd is related to disability, failure in returning to work. Treat depression after a stroke to optimize recovery more nearly 800,000 people suffer a stroke annually in the u. Biomarkers in poststroke depression bentham science. Article pdf available in american journal of psychiatry 1733. Depression is a common occurrence after stroke and is associated with excess disability, cognitive impairment, and mortality. Background post stroke depression psd is a severe condition, affecting about 30% of stroke survivors within a fiveyear period after stroke. Screening for post stroke depression inadequate and inconsistent, study finds. The etiology of poststroke depression psd is complex and reported to be multifactorial in origin. Poststroke depression psd affects approximately onethird of all stroke patients.
The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic metaanalysis to evaluate the relationship between. Despite the increasing number of studies investigating the prevalence, pharmacology, pathogenesis, risk factors, prevention and. In recent years, efforts have been made to find biomarkers related to post stroke outcomes, including complications such as depression. Poststroke depression psd is the most common mood disorder following a stroke, and also. Interventions for preventing depression after stroke. Post stroke depression psd is a frequent problem in stroke rehabilitation. Although poststroke depression has a significant impact on a patients ability to recover after stroke, it is generally not recognized. Join australias online stroke community with videos, fact sheets, resources and support for stroke survivors, their family and friends. Post stroke depressionscreening and asseessment tools.
Background and purposewe compared the incidence and severity of depression at 3 and 12 months after stroke in patients and their chief caregivers spouses, 63%. Full text prevalence of poststroke depression in iranian. Aim was to assess the specific influence of poststroke depression psd and antidepressant. Research article open access predictors of early post ischemic stroke apathy and depression.
In the early phases of stroke recovery, a reactive or adjustmentrelated depression can present as the survivor begins to come to terms with how the. Download the depression and anxiety after stroke fact sheet pdf 789 kb. That equates to around one person every 40 seconds. However, psd is often overlooked and its significance regarding stroke outcomes is frequently ignored and underestimated 19. Article information, pdf download for poststroke depression. Post stroke depression is the most frequent psychiatric complication of stroke.
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